Étnias, hegemonías y capitalismo en el Sur global : Mariátegui y las luchas por los derechos indígenas

Abstract

Review of Mariátegui’s ideas (1894-1930) in a time of increased global presence of white ethnocentrism and its control over the idea of the nation. The historical complicity between Capitalism and racialization —crucial in a Mariateguian redefinition of “the problem of the Indian” and the following assertion of indigenous peoples as modern political subjects— is established as starting point. The recent history of the Mapuche people is shown as an example of how Mariátegui’s ideas —together with other often-forgotten authors’, like Alejandro Lipschutz (1883-1980)— are still relevant in understanding contemporary modes of ethnocide, but also the different ways in which ethno-racial identities are reshaped within neoliberal globalization.