¿Migración o exilio cubano en Estados Unidos? Notas para un debate

Abstract

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el proceso migratorio cubano cuya resultante conduce al surgimiento del exilio en Estados Unidos, luego del triunfo de la Revolución en la isla, en 1959. Toma en consideración los diferentes factores y condiciones que influyen en ese proceso y que explican su evolución hasta el presente. Se distingue entre la migración (como desplazamiento demográfico o traslado de personas y las comunidades que se establecen en Estados Unidos), y el exilio (como fenómeno esencialmente político). Como premisa, se considera que la dinámica migratoria cubana conducente al surgimiento del llamado exilio histórico no puede separarse de su desenvolvimiento real a través del tiempo, ni en su comprensión analítica del conflicto, ya prolongado por sesenta años, entre Cuba y Estados Unidos.

In specialized academic literature, the issue of Cuban migration and exile that is formed in the United States has been dealt with repeatedly, after the triumph of the Revolution on the Island, in 1959. Sometimes, both phenomena are discussed interchangeably, as if it were the same, and it is assumed to exile today in terms similar to those defined in its initial stage. The article analyzes the migratory process whose result leads to the emergence of said exile, takes into consideration the different factors and conditions that influence that process and explain its evolution to the present. A distinction is made between migration (as demographic displacement or transfer of people and communities established in the United States), and exile (as an essentially political phenomenon). As a premise, it is considered that the Cuban migration dynamics conducive to the emergence of the so-called historical exile cannot be separated from its real development over time, nor in its analytical.